Columbian Ground Squirrel

The Columbian ground squirrel (Urocitellus columbianus) is a medium-sized ground squirrel; often called a “gopher” by visitors; ubiquitous in Banff National Park meadows, trailheads, and picnic areas. Their burrows and colonies are a familiar sight to hikers and campers.

Identification

Mottled gray-brown fur; bushy tail; rounded ears; white patches around eyes. Larger than golden-mantled ground squirrels; smaller than hoary marmots. Often stand upright at burrow entrances to scan for predators.

Habitat and diet

Columbian ground squirrels favour open meadows, grasslands, and forest edges; valley floors to subalpine. Feed on grasses, forbs, seeds, and insects. Dig extensive burrow systems; hibernate 7–8 months (late summer to early spring).

Behaviour

Colonial; vocal alarm calls warn others of predators. Active during the day; retreat to burrows when startled. Often seen begging at picnic areas; avoid feeding wildlife.

Viewing

Common at Lake Louise, Moraine Lake, Johnston Canyon, and most trailheads. Give them space and avoid feeding wildlife. Human food harms their health and habituates them to people, leading to aggression and dependency.